Japanese Legal Terms: Common Words and Phrases for the Courtroom130

Navigating the legal system in Japan can be daunting for those unfamiliar with the language. Understanding the key Japanese legal terms used in court proceedings is essential for effective communication and participation in the justice system. This article provides a comprehensive guide to commonly used legal vocabulary in the Japanese courtroom, helping you navigate the complexities of the legal process.

Key Legal Concepts

原告 (げんごく) (Plaintiff): The party who initiates a lawsuit, seeking to establish their rights or obtain relief from the defendant.

被告 (ひこく) (Defendant): The party against whom a lawsuit is filed, charged with wrongdoing or liability.

裁判所 (さいばんしょ) (Court): The institution that hears and decides legal disputes.

裁判官 (さいばんかん) (Judge): The official who presides over a court case and makes legal rulings.

検察官 (けんさつかん) (Prosecutor): A government official responsible for presenting evidence against the defendant in criminal cases.

弁護人 (べんごにん) (Defense Attorney): An attorney who represents and defends the defendant in criminal or civil cases.

Courtroom Procedures

開廷 (かいてい) (Opening of Court): The formal commencement of a court session.

訴状 (そじょう) (Complaint): The legal document filed by the plaintiff outlining their claims and seeking relief from the defendant.

答弁書 (とうべんしょ) (Answer): The legal document filed by the defendant responding to the plaintiff's complaint and outlining their defenses.

証拠 (しょうこ) (Evidence): Information or objects presented in court to prove or disprove facts.

尋問 (じんもん) (Examination): The process of questioning witnesses or parties in court.

判決 (はんけつ) (Judgment): The final decision of the court, resolving the dispute and determining the rights and obligations of the parties.

Legal Terminology

刑事事件 (けいじじけん) (Criminal Case): A legal proceeding involving a violation of criminal law.

民事事件 (みんじじけん) (Civil Case): A legal proceeding involving a dispute between private parties.

上告 (じょうこ) (Appeal): The process of challenging a court's decision in a higher court.

執行 (しっこう) (Enforcement): The process of carrying out a court's judgment, such as collecting a debt or enforcing a court order.

和解 (わかい) (Settlement): An agreement between the parties to resolve a dispute outside of the courtroom.

Additional Resources

For further assistance with Japanese legal terminology, consider the following resources:
Japanese Court System Glossary: /english/glossary/
Japanese Legal System Guide: /japanese-legal-system-guide/
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Diplomatic Bluebook: /policy/other/bluebook/

2025-02-07

Previous：Essential Japanese Vocabulary for Peak Efficiency

Next：German Vocabulary Requirements