Pneumonia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment30

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death from infectious disease in the United States, and it is a major cause of hospitalization, especially among the elderly and those with weakened immune systems.

Causes of Pneumonia

The most common cause of pneumonia is bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Viral pneumonia is also common, especially among children. Less commonly, pneumonia can be caused by fungi, such as Pneumocystis jirovecii, which is often seen in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.

Symptoms of Pneumonia

The symptoms of pneumonia can vary depending on the severity of the infection. Mild pneumonia may cause only a mild cough and fever, while severe pneumonia can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and confusion. Other common symptoms of pneumonia include:* Chills
* Fatigue
* Headache
* Muscle aches
* Loss of appetite
* Nausea and vomiting

Treatment for Pneumonia

The treatment for pneumonia depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics, while viral pneumonia is treated with antiviral medications. Fungal pneumonia is treated with antifungal medications.

In addition to medication, treatment for pneumonia may also include:* Rest
* Fluids
* Oxygen therapy
* Chest physiotherapy

Preventing Pneumonia

There are a number of things you can do to prevent pneumonia, including:* Getting vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae
* Washing your hands frequently
* Avoiding contact with people who are sick
* Staying home from work or school if you are sick
* Quitting smoking
* Eating a healthy diet
* Exercising regularly

Outlook for Pneumonia

The outlook for pneumonia depends on the severity of the infection and the underlying health of the patient. Mild pneumonia typically resolves within a few weeks with treatment. Severe pneumonia can be life-threatening, especially among the elderly and those with weakened immune systems.

When to Seek Medical Care

If you have any symptoms of pneumonia, it is important to seek medical care promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to improve the outlook for pneumonia.

2025-01-18

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