Classical Chinese Pedagogical Terminology: A Comprehensive Glossary316

In the realm of Sinology, the study of Classical Chinese holds a pivotal position. This ancient literary language, distinct from modern colloquial variants, presents a unique challenge for learners. To navigate its complexities effectively, a thorough understanding of pedagogical terminology is essential.

Phonology
Yīnyùn (音韵): The system of phonetic categories in Classical Chinese
Pīnpīn (拼音): The modern phonetic transcription system based on Latin script
Zhēnyīn (真音): The original sound value of a character, often reconstructed based on historical phonology
Gǔyīn (古音): The phonological system of an earlier period, such as the Han or Tang Dynasty
Yánbiàn (演变): Sound changes that have occurred over time, resulting in the divergence between Classical and modern Chinese pronunciation

Syntax
Zhǔyǔ (主语): The subject of a sentence
Bǐngyǔ (宾语): The object of a verb
Dòngcí (动词): Verb
Míngcí (名词): Noun
Lǚcí (助词): Function word, such as a particle or conjunction
Tǎjí (搭接): The placement of two or more words without using a conjunction
Jiàcí (假借): The borrowing of a character with a different meaning to express a homophone

Rhetoric
Píngzé (平仄): The alternation of tonal patterns, creating a rhythmic effect
Shēnyín (声韵): The use of homophones or near-homophones for literary effect
Bìnxù (宾序): The use of parallel phrases or lines with similar syntactic structures
Yǐnxù (隐序): The omission of words implied by the context
Yīncí (引辞): Quoting or referring to another text or authority

Grammar
Wénfǎ (文法): The grammatical rules of Classical Chinese
Shēngrèn (声任): The use of tones to indicate the grammatical function of a word
Cíxù (词序): The order of words in a sentence
Shìcí (实词): Content word, such as a noun or verb
Xūcí (虚词): Empty word, such as a particle or function word
Fǎnpì (反笔): The use of an opposite term for emphasis
Jiàngjí (将及): A construction consisting of two verbs, the first indicating an action and the second its result

Lexicology
Sānjíng (三经): The three classics of Confucianism: the Yijing, Shijing, and Shujing
Wǔjīng (五经): The Five Classics, including the Sanjing plus the Lijing and Chunqiu
Shìmìng (释名): A text explaining the etymology of characters
Cídiǎn (辞典): A dictionary or thesaurus
Tóngyì (同义): Synonyms
Fányi (反义): Antonyms
Zìtōng (自通): A character used both as a substantive and a verb

Translation
Yìjì (译解): The translation of a text into another language
Zhènyì (真译): A literal translation
Yìyì (译意): A translation that conveys the meaning of the original text
Yǎnjì (衍译): An expanded translation that includes additional commentary or explanation
Jiànjiǎnyì (间接译): A translation made through an intermediary language

Pedagogy
Jiǎoyu (教育): Teaching and learning
Jiàoshuǐ (教书): Teaching materials
Jiàofǎ (教法): Teaching methods
Xuéxí (学习): Learning
Wènti (问题): Questions
Dà'ān (答案): Answers
Píngxiǎ (评写): Critique

2024-11-11

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